Coping with stroke: psychological and social dimensions in U.S. patients.

Stroke is the third-leading cause of death in the world, affecting 3 million women and 2.5 million men annually. The success of rehabilitation efforts for stroke patients is often measured in terms of physical functioning. However, the literature suggests that the effects of stroke and subsequent adaptation include psychological and social dimensions as well. The purpose of this study was to investigate how patients in the United States perceived their stroke experiences by examining their coping strategies and hopes for recovery. In addition, factors that inspired hope during recovery were identified. Sixty participants with a diagnosis of embolic or ischemic stroke were interviewed during their initial hospitalization. Tape-recorded interviews were coded and categories of data identified. Findings suggested that stroke patients experience a range of physical symptoms and emotions surrounding their stroke experience, and that stroke often interfered with daily functioning. Coping strategies included maintaining a positive attitude and asserting independence, as much as possible, during the acute stroke experience. Many patients expressed general hopes for recovery while some admitted fear of getting worse. Hopefulness was often inspired by interaction with family and spiritual beliefs and practices. The findings will hopefully enhance nurses' understanding of patients' perceptions of the stroke experience and increase their ability to provide interventions that will aid in promoting effective coping strategies.